This course traces a history of image making by Jews in the twentieth century, focusing on Europe and the United States. Jewish photographers participated in many different aspects of photography — including fashion, portrait, journalism, war, art, and documentary photography — and the course seeks to be representative, emphasizing those photographers whose pictures often resonated beyond their immediate moment. Thus the course will also consider the multiple lives of photographs, how photographers do their work in one context and then subsequently find themselves and their pictures in another. Photographs taken of European Jewish life prior to World War II, for example, acquired different meanings after the Holocaust because they were seen as describing a lost world. Among the photographers to be considered are Alfred Stieglitz, Paul Strand, Andre Kertesz, Alter Kacyzne, Roman Vishniac, Robert Capa, Chim, Lisette Model, Aaron Siskind, Helen Levitt, Rebecca Lepkoff, Weegee, Sid Grossman, Esther Bubley, Robert Frank, William Klein, Diane Arbus, Richard Avedon, Bruce Davidson, Nan Goldin, Sylvia Plachy, Lauren Greenfield, Larry Sultan, Joanne Leonard.