This course surveys different forms of media as they emerged in Europe: from nineteenth-century technologies such as lithography and photography to the digital technologies of the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. Since the course topic is thematically and chronologically vast, we will focus on a series of case studies that will allow us to investigate historical moments of "media transition." By focusing on these periods, such as the first few decades after the invention of photography in 1839 and Germany during the 1930's, this course will give students a historical perspective on our contemporary habits of media consumption. Estimated cost of materials: $50 or less. IV. 4